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Edited by Ilhem Baghdadli, Richard Harborne, Tania M. Rajadel
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Burundi, situated in the heart of the Great Lakes Region, is one of the
poorest nations in the world. Beset by coups d’états,
presidential assassinations and genocide, the country has been caught
in a cycle of violence and under-development whereby brief periods of
peace have been followed by further state repression and armed
conflict. The 2000 Arusha peace accords, the Pretoria agreement of late
2003, the peaceful elections of 2005, and the recent Dar es Salaam
peace agreement with the Forces Nationales de Libération have ushered
in a period of relative stability. This fragile political process,
however, has not been matched by a parallel rebound in economic growth
that has been observed in post-conflict African countries and is a
precondition for long-lasting peace.
This work aims to identify areas in Burundi’s rural economy
with the greatest immediate potential to stimulate growth and
consolidate peace over the next years. The short-term focus will be on
the rural economy. It is vital however that the Government of Burundi
and its partners address other critical areas in the medium term to
sustain growth. The industrial and service sectors are of particular
significance, as they need to absorb a burgeoning, youthful and
increasingly urbanized generation. The first challenge is to take stock
of international best practices and Burundian history, and develop a
sound agricultural base as the critical foundation for sustainable
growth. Our work identifies policy reforms and investments with
potential to boost food supply and strengthen export crop
competitiveness, thereby expanding rural growth.
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