Urbanization and growing wealth in developing countries portend a
large increase of demand for modern energy services in residential,
commercial and public-service buildings in the coming decades. Pursuing
energy efficiency in buildings is vital to energy security in
developing countries and is identified by the Intergovernment Panel on
Climate Change as having the greatest potential for cost-effective
reduction of CO2 emissions by 2030 among all energy-consuming
sectors.
Building energy efficiency codes (BEECs), along with energy
efficiency standards for major appliances and equipment, are broadly
recognized as a necessary government intervention to overcome
persistent market barriers to capturing the economic potential of
energy efficiency gains in the residential, commercial and
public-service sectors. Implementation of BEECs help prevent costly
energy wastes over the lifecycles of buildings in space heating, air
conditioning, lighting, and other energy service requirements.
Nonetheless, achieving the full potential of energy savings afforded by
more energy-efficient buildings requires holding people who live or
work in buildings accountable for the cost of energy services.
Compliance enforcement has been the biggest challenge to
implementing BEECs. This report summarizes the findings of an extensive
literature survey of the experiences of implementing BEECs in developed
countries, as well as those from case studies of China, Egypt, India,
and Mexico. It also serves as a primer on the basic features and
contents of BEECs and the commonly adopted compliance and enforcement
approaches.
This report highlights the key challenges to improving compliance
enforcement in developing countries, including government commitment to
energy efficiency, the effectiveness of government oversight of the
construction sector, the compliance capacity of building supply chain,
and financing constraints. The report notes that the process of
transforming a country’s building supply chain toward delivering
increasingly more energy-efficient buildings takes time and requires
persistent government intervention through uniformly enforced and
regularly updated BEECs.
The report recommends increased international support in
strengthening the enforcement infrastructure for BEECs in middle-income
developing countries. For low- and lower-middle-income countries, there
is an urgent need to assist in improving the effectiveness of
government oversight system for building construction, laying the
foundation for the system to also cover BEECs.
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